Hexagonalboron nitride has structural similarities to graphene. This is a hexagonal planar lattice containing atoms that are interconnected in hexagons. There is one difference: graphene has all carbon atoms. H-BN contains only three nitrogen and three of boron atoms per hexagon.
The strongest carbon-carbon bonds make graphene stronger than HBN. The strengths and elastic modulus are identical, with hBN slightly lower: graphene is stronger than HBN at 130GPa, and has young’s modulus around 1.0TPa. HBN on the other side, however, has strength of 100GPa, and modulus that is 0.8 TPA.
Graphene’s excellent mechanical properties are offset by its low crack resistance. This makes it brittle.
British engineer Griffiths published in 1921 a theoretical study on fracture mechanics. This included describing failures of brittle materials as well as the relationship between size of cracks and the forces required to grow them. Engineers and scientists have been using this theory for many years to predict the strength of materials.
Jun Lou, Rice University’s Professor, and his research team, found that graphene has a high degree of fracture toughness. They discovered in 2014 that when graphene’s strain is greater than the force held it together cracks will form. The energy difference can be released as crack propagation occurs.
Due to its structural similarities to graphene H-bn could also make it vulnerable. But this is incorrect.
H-BN was found to be 10x more ductile that graphene, according to scientists.
The cracking resistance of H-BN, which is brittle and ductile, was determined by a team consisting of Prof. Jun Lou at Rice University and Prof. Hua Yian Gao from Nanyang Technological University. Griffith’s fracture theory is not supported by this finding. Such anomalies were never seen in other two-dimensional materials. Nature published the related research findings under “Intrinsic hardening, stable crack propagation and Hexagonal Boron nuitride”
What’s the secret to H-BN’s extraordinary toughness
They applied stress to H-BN samples using transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. This allowed them to understand how cracks formed. The mystery was solved after over 1,000 hours of experimental work and the subsequent theoretical analysis.
H-Bn graphene is structurally identical to graphene, however boron atoms and nitrogen atoms differ. HBN therefore has an intrinsic asymmetric arrangement for hexagonal lattice, not like graphene. The cracks in graphene tend to cut through the hexagonal pattern from the top to the bottom and open the bond much like a zipper. H-BN has a hexagonal structure that is slightly different due to the stress difference between boron & nitrogen. Because of this, cracks can bifurcate and form branches.
The crack that splits means the crack is turning. To make the crack harder to propagate, this steering crack needs additional energy. H-Bn is more elastic than graphene.
The excellent heat resistance, chemical stability and dielectric properties of H-BN have made it an essential material in two-dimensional electronic, as well as other 2-bit devices. This is not only for its support but also because it acts as an insulating layer to electronic components. hBN’s strength makes it an excellent choice for flexible electronics. This is also important in the development of flexible materials 2D for use with two-dimensional electronic applications.
In the future, in addition to being used for flexible electronic textiles (h-BN), h-BN may also be used to create flexible electronic skin or implantable electronic devices that can connect directly with the brain.
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